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Geography of Bulgaria |
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Geography of Bulgaria
Geographically and in terms of climate, Bulgaria features notable diversity with the landscape ranging from the Alpine snow-capped peaks in Rila, Pirin and the Balkan Mountains to the mild and sunny Black Sea coast; from the typically continental Danubian Plain (ancient Moesia) in the north to the strong Mediterranean climatic influence in the valleys of Macedonia and in the lowlands in the southernmost parts of Thrace.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria comprises portions of the regions known in Classical Greece as Thrace, Moesia, and Macedonia. The mountainous southwest of the country has two alpine ranges — Rila and Pirin — and further east stand the lower but more extensive Rhodope Mountains. The Rila range includes the highest peak of the Balkan Peninsula, Musala, at 2,925 meters (9,596 ft); the long range of the Balkan mountains runs west-east through the middle of the country, north of the famous Rose Valley. Hilly country and plains lie in the southeast, along the Black Sea coast in the east, and along Bulgaria's main river, the Danube in the north. Other major rivers include the Struma and the Maritsa river in the south.
Rila and Pirin feature around 260 glacial lakes; the country also has several large lakes on the Black Sea coast and more than 2,200 dam lakes. Many mineral springs exist, located mainly in the south-western and central parts of the country along the faults between the mountains.
Bulgaria has a temperate climate, with cool and damp winters, very hot and dry summers, and Mediterranean influence along the Black Sea coast. The barrier effect of the Balkan Mountains influences climate throughout the country: northern Bulgaria gets slightly cooler and receives more rain than the southern regions. Precipitation in Bulgaria averages about 630 millimetres per year. Drier areas include Dobrudzha and the northern coastal strip, while the higher parts of the mountains Rila and Stara Planina receive the highest levels of precipitation. In summer, temperatures in the south of Bulgaria often exceed 40 degrees Celsius, but remain cooler by the coast. The highest recorded temperature is 46.7c near Plovdiv.
The country possesses relatively rich mineral-resources,including vast reserves of lignite and anthracite coal; non-ferrous ores such as copper,lead,zinc and gold.It has large deposits of manganese ore in the north-east.Smaller deposits exist of iron,silver,chromite,nickel and others.Bulgaria has abundant non-metalliferous minerals such as rock-salt,gypsum,kaolin,marble.The Balkan peninsula derives its name from the Balkan or Stara Planina mountain-range,which runs through the centre of Bulgaria and extends into eastern Serbia.
Bulgaria's larger cities include:
* Sofia (1,380,406 inhabitants)
* Plovdiv (376,918)
* Varna (349,031)
* Burgas (209,985)
* Rousse (176,118)
* Stara Zagora (163,193)
* Pleven (121,700)
* Dobrich (115,861)
* Sliven (106,434)
* Shumen (103,016)
Bulgaria operates a scientific station,the St.Kliment Ohridski Base, on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands off the coast of Antarctica.
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