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Bulgaria
Bulgaria,officially the Republic of Bulgaria re-incarnates one of the oldest states in Europe,located in Southeastern Europe,bordering five other countries: Romania to the north(mostly along the Danube),Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west,and Greece and Turkey to the south.The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.Bulgaria comprises the classical regions of Moesia,Thrace,and Macedonia.Old European culture in the region started to produce golden artifacts by the fifth millennium BCE.
The country preserves the traditions(in ethnic name,language,and alphabet) of the First Bulgarian Empire (632/681 - 1018), which at times covered most of the Balkans and spread its alphabet,literature and culture among the Slavic and other peoples of Eastern Europe.Centuries later, with the decline of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185 - 1396/1422),the country came under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries.Diplomacy re-established Bulgaria as a constitutional monarchy in 1878,with the Treaty of San Stefano marking the birth of the Third Bulgarian Kingdom. After World War II, Bulgaria became a communist state and part of the Eastern Bloc.
 Mountain Rila
Currently,Bulgaria functions as a parliamentary democracy under a unitary constitutional republic.A member of the European Union since 2007 and NATO since 2004,it has a population of approximately 7.7 million, with Sofia as its capital and largest city.Geographically and in terms of climate, Bulgaria features notable diversity with the landscape ranging from the Alpine snow-capped peaks in Rila, Pirin and the Balkan Mountains to the mild and sunny Black Sea coast;from the typically continental Danubian Plain(ancient Moesia)in the north to the strong Mediterranean climatic influence in the valleys of Macedonia and in the lowlands in the southernmost parts of Thrace.
The Seven Rila Lakes in Bulgaria
A country often described as lying at the crossroads linking the East and West,Bulgaria functioned as the centre of Slavic Europe during much of the Middle Ages,exerting considerable literary and cultural influence over the Eastern Orthodox Slavic world by means of the Preslav and Ohrid Literary Schools. Bulgaria also gave the world the Cyrillic alphabet, the second most-widely used alphabet in the world,which originated in these two schools in the tenth century AD.In the northern-hemisphere winter, Samokov, Borovets, Bansko and Pamporovo become well-attended ski-resorts. Summer resorts exist on the Black Sea at Sozopol, Nessebur, Golden Sands, Sunny Beach, Sveti Vlas, Albena, Saints Constantine and Helena and many others. Spa resorts such as Bankya, Hisarya, Sandanski, Velingrad, Varshets and many others attract visitors throughout the year. Bulgaria is becoming an attractive destination because of the quality of the resorts and prices below those found in Western Europe.
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