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Politics of Bulgaria |
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Politics of Bulgaria
Bulgaria joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and signed the European Union Treaty of Accession on 25 April 2005. It became a full member of the European Union on 1 January 2007. The country had joined the United Nations in 1955, and became a founding member of OSCE in 1995. As a Consultative Party to the Antarctic Treaty, Bulgaria takes part in the governing of the territories situated south of 60° south latitude.
The Parliament Building
Georgi Parvanov, the President of Bulgaria since 22 January 2002, won re-election on 29 October 2006 and began his second term in office in January 2007.(Bulgarian voters directly elect their presidents for a five-year term with the right to one re-election.) The president serves as the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He also chairs the Consultative Council for National Security. While unable to initiate legislation other than Constitutional amendments,the President can return a bill for further debate,although the parliament can override the President's veto by vote of a majority of all MPs.Since 17 August 2005 Sergey Stanishev as Prime Minister has chaired the Council of Ministers, the principal body of the executive branch, which presently consists of 20 ministers. The Prime Minister — usually nominated by the largest parliamentary group — receives the mandate of the President to form a cabinet.
The current governmental coalition comprises the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), National Movement Simeon II (NMSII) and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (representing mainly the Turkish minority).The Bulgarian unicameral parliament, the National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (Народно събрание), consists of 240 deputies, each elected for four-year terms by popular vote.The votes go to parties or to coalition-lists of candidates for each of the 28 administrative divisions. A party or coalition must win a minimum of 4% of the vote in order to enter parliament. Parliament is responsible for enactment of laws,approval of the budget, scheduling of presidential elections, selection and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other ministers,declaration of war,deployment of troops outside of Bulgaria, and ratification of international treaties and agreements.
 The Largo, the home of the Presidency and of the Council of Ministers
The most recent elections took place in June 2005.The next scheduled elections should take place in summer 2009.The Bulgarian judicial system consists of regional,district and appeal courts, as well as a Supreme Court of Cassation. In addition,Bulgaria has a Supreme Administrative Court and a system of military courts.A qualified majority of two-thirds of the membership of the Supreme Judicial Council elects the Presidents of the Supreme Court of Cassation and of the Supreme Administrative Court,as well as the Prosecutor General,from among its members;the President of the Republic then appoints those elected. The Supreme Judicial Council has charge of the self-administration and organization of the Judiciary.The Constitutional Court supervises the review of the constitutionality of laws and statutes brought before it,as well as the compliance of these laws with international treaties that the Government has signed.Parliament elects the twelve members of the Constitutional Court by a two-thirds majority:the members serve for a nine-year term.The territory of the Republic of Bulgaria subdivides into provinces and municipalities.In all,Bulgaria has 28 provinces, each headed by a provincial governor appointed by the government.In addition, the country includes 263 municipalities.
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